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KALMATRON® KC

Retyped Version of test from Gangotri Cement, India

(No changes were made to the spelling or wording of the original document.  An actual copy of the original document is available on request.)

We tested Kalmatron® in our cement and there was definitely some improvement in the properties.  But the behaviour of the strength was rather strange.  Our Normal Cement comprises of 40% of Clinker, 57% of Slag and 3% of Gypsum.  We carried out three tests as under:

In our first test we added 0.5% of clinker to the above proposition reducing the Slag proportion by 0.5%.  The result was slight improvement in strength.

In our second test we decreased the Clinker to 35%, Slag 61.5%, 3% Gypsum and 0.5% Kalmatron®.  The result was more increase in Strength.

In our third test we decreased the Clinker to 30%, slag 66.5%, 3% Gypsum and 0.5% Kalmatron®.  The result was that strength was too high.

Under Normal circumstances decrease in Clinker should lead to decrease in Strength.  Kindly Justify the above results.  Also let us know is it possible for us to prepare cement according to our third test.  Will the other properties remain same.  What will be the long term effect to the properties of the cement.

As per Indian Standard specification the Strength should be:

3 days – 160,    7 days – 220,     28 days – 320

And our result after adding Kalmatron® says

1.   40% Clinker

 3 days – 180, 190

          7 days – 340, 340

2.   35% Clinker

          3 days – 200, 190

          7 days - 380, 380

3. 30% Clinker

           3 days – 240, 280

           7 days – 430, 450

Hydration and Oxidation of Indian Test Clinker

 Recently we received test results of Kalmatron® Cement (hereafter called KC) admixture to cement and feel it is necessary to analyze KC’s effect on the compressive strength obtained in the test.

 The recommended dosage of KC is 10 Kgs per 1000 Kgs of Portland Cement Type I; II.  For any cementitious mixes, we recommend a reduced amount of water (at least 15% less) with a water to cement ratio (W/C) around 0.44.

 In the Indian Cement Plant test, only 0.5% of KC was used, i.e. 5 Kgs of KC per 1000 Kgs of cement.  The water to cement ratio (W/C) was 0.563.  The local Clinker showed a high sensitivity to KC with a large amount of reactivity.  Assuming that this local cement contains aluminates and aluminoferrites, or other metal containing micro-elements above known averages, we can recognize and confirm the high performance of the lower KC application.  Metal containing elements are chemically responsive to KC with direct diffusion of oxygen and metals; i.e. oxidation reaction with products of decay.  For cements that are poor or contaminated, Kalmatron provides for a supplementary reaction to general hydration of cement.  Therefore, the hydration of the cement and oxidation of its metal containing elements are consequent reactions, which results in complete decay of the cement grain with a stronger and more compacted cementitious structure.  A more complete hydration of all the cement grains is achieved.

 For cements with advanced mineralogy (but not because of gravimetric data) we are dealing with an inverse or even parallel consequence of reactions.  Apparently, the less amount of Clinker, the higher the speed (or shorter time) it takes for oxidation and the result is the earlier appearance of the compressive strength.  Therefore, Kalmatron® KC provides early compressive strength with a lowered amount of Clinker in the cement because of the active reactivity with the dominating micro-metal elements of that particular Portland Cement contained in the Indian Plant Cement test.

 The mineralogical description of the cement to be used in subsequent tests should be provided for the purpose of evaluation to decide what the appropriate amount of Kalmatron® KC is needed to gain the most benefits possible.

 Conclusion:  Kalmatron® KC can reduce the amount of Clinker needed in Cement, while providing improved rheological results for the Cement.   

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